Val Phua

Learn the symptoms and causes of vitreous haemorrhage, how it is diagnosed, and when injections, laser treatment or vitrectomy may be needed.

Learn about retinal vein occlusion symptoms, BRVO and CRVO, macular oedema, anti-VEGF injections, laser treatment and neovascular glaucoma.

Learn the symptoms of a retinal tear, including sudden floaters and flashes, when urgent laser treatment is needed and why follow-up remains important.

Learn the warning signs of retinal detachment, including flashes, floaters and a curtain over vision, and how laser, gas, scleral buckle and vitrectomy are used.

Learn what causes a pterygium, how it affects vision and astigmatism, when surgery is needed and how conjunctival grafting reduces recurrence.

Learn how meibomian gland dysfunction causes evaporative dry eye, fluctuating vision and eyelid lumps, and how warm compresses, IPL and thermal treatments may help.

Learn about macular-hole symptoms, OCT diagnosis, spontaneous closure, vitrectomy, gas bubbles, face-down positioning, recovery and prognosis.